Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) is defined as bleeding from the uterus that occurs at an abnormal time in the menstrual cycle or that is excessive in amount. It can be a sign of a serious underlying medical condition and should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
There are many possible causes of AUB, including hormone imbalances, uterine fibroids, polyps, adenomyosis, and cancer. Hormone imbalances are the most common cause of AUB. The most common hormone imbalance that leads to AUB is an estrogen deficiency. When estrogen levels are low, the lining of the uterus (endometrium) does not thicken properly. This can cause irregular or light bleeding.
Uterine fibroids are benign (non-cancerous) growths that occur in the uterus. They are made up of muscle and fibrous tissue and can vary in size. Fibroids can cause AUB by disrupting the regularity of the menstrual cycle or by causing the uterus to bleed excessively.
Polyps are growths that occur on the lining of the uterus. They are usually benign (non-cancerous), but can sometimes be precancerous or cancerous. Polyps can cause AUB by bleeding into the uterine cavity or by blocking the cervical opening, which can cause menstrual blood to back up and lead to heavy bleeding.
Adenomyosis is a condition in which the endometrium (lining of the uterus) grows into the muscle wall of the uterus. This can cause pain and heavy menstrual bleeding.
Cancer of the uterus, cervix, or ovaries is a less common cause of AUB, but can occasionally be responsible for heavy or irregular bleeding.
AUB can also be caused by pregnancy, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, placental abruption, or delivery. In some cases, AUB may be caused by medications, such as anticoagulants or anti-inflammatory drugs.
If you are experiencing any abnormal uterine bleeding, it is important to see your healthcare provider to determine the cause. AUB can be a sign of a serious underlying medical condition and should be evaluated by a healthcare provider